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''The ALWD Citation Manual'' is a legal citation system for the United States compiled by the Association of Legal Writing Directors. Its first edition was published in 2000. Currently, it is in its fifth edition (2014). It primarily competes with the Bluebook style, a system developed by the law reviews at Harvard, Yale, The University of Pennsylvania, and Columbia. Citations in the two formats are roughly similar. However, ALWD differs from Bluebook in one key respect. Under the Bluebook system, the type styles used in citations found in academic legal articles (always footnoted) are very different from those used in citations within court documents (always cited inline). While the ALWD system follows the standard convention of footnotes within academic articles and inline citations in court documents, it rejects Bluebook's insistence on using different type styles in the two classes of documents. The ALWD type style is identical to that used in the Bluebook system for citations within court documents. ==Adoption== Four U.S. jurisdictions have adopted ALWD: * * United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit * *This court accepts citations in either ALWD or ''Bluebook'' format, but also requires that citations to United States Supreme Court decisions provide both official "U.S." and West's "S.Ct." citations, when available.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/rules/index.php )〕 * United States Bankruptcy Court, Montana * *This court accepts any "nationally recognized citation form," and specifically names the ''ALWD Citation Manual''. It does not mention ''The Bluebook'', but given its general recognition, it should be accepted.〔http://www.mtd.uscourts.gov/mtd/documents.nsf/3a55ca523f1ad3ef882563fb0080c38f/460c7c7d0ea0e6a587256ee800679ef9/$FILE/2001%20Mont.%20Local%20Bankr%20Rules.pdf〕 * United States District Court for the District of Montana * *This court specifically accepts either ALWD or ''Bluebook''.〔http://www.mtd.uscourts.gov/mtd/documents.nsf/3a55ca523f1ad3ef882563fb0080c38f/3fa0ae63fdb1bd99872570c9006b1f14/$FILE/LOCAL%20RULES%202005.pdf〕 * Command Judge Advocate Office on the Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands. In addition to that, 72 law schools and 47 paralegal schools have fully adopted ALWD. Law journals such as Animal Law, NAELA, and Legal Writing have also adopted ALWD.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.alwd.org/publications/adoptions.html )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ALWD Citation Manual」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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